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nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 1 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 size: 3.76 x 1.40 x 0.37 in 95.59 x 35.54 x 9.40 mm features & benefts ? up to 170a continuous low voltage side current ? fixed transformation ratio(k) of 1/5 ? up to 1046 w/in 3 power density ? 97.8% peak effciency ? bidirectional operation capability ? integrated ceramic capacitance fltering ? parallel operation for multi-kw arrays ? ov, oc, uv, short circuit and thermal protection ? 3814 package ? high mtbf ? thermally enhanced via? package typical applications ? dc power distribution ? information and communication technology (ict) equipment ? high end computing systems ? automated test equipment ? industrial systems ? high density energy systems ? transportation product description the nbm in a via package is a high effciency bus converter, operating from a 36 to 60v dc high voltage bus to deliver a non- isolated 7.2 to 12v dc unregulated, low voltage. this unique ultra-low profle module incorporates dc-dc conversion, integrated fltering in a chassis or pcb mount form factor. the nbm offers low noise, fast transient response and industry leading effciency and power density. leveraging the thermal and density benefts of vicors via packaging technology, the nbm module offers fexible thermal management options with very low top and bottom side thermal impedances. when combined with downstream vicor dc-dc conversion components and regulators, the nbm allows the power design engineer to employ a simple, low-profle design which will differentiate the end system without compromising on cost or performance metrics. the nbm non-isolated topology allows start up and steady state operation in forward and reverse directions. it provides bidirectional protections. however if power train is disabled by any protection, and v lo is present, then voltage equal to v lo minus two diode drops will appear on high voltage side. part ordering information product ratings v hi = 54v (36 C 60v) i lo = up to 170a v lo = 10.8v (7.2 C 12.0v) ( no load [1] high temperature current derating may apply; see figure 1, specifed thermal operating area. product function package length package width package type max high side voltage high side voltage range ratio max low side voltage max low side current product grade (case temperature) option field nbm 38 14 x 60 e 15 a7 y zz nbm = non-isolated bus converter module length in inches x 10 width in inches x 10 b = board via v = chassis via internal reference c = -20 to 100c [1] t = -40 to 100c [1] 00 = chassis/always on 04 = short pin/always on 08 = long pin/always on nbm ? in a via package bus converter non-isolated, fixed-ratio dc-dc converter nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 2 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 typical application nbm3814x60e12a7yzz providing fxed ratio step-up dc-dc conversion. nbm is operating in reverse direction. nbm3814x60e12a7yzz at point of load providing fxed ratio step-down dc-dc conversion to pol devices. nbm is operating in forward direction. nbm in a via package v lo fuse +hi +lo pgnd hi side lo side load v hi nbm in a via package v hi fuse +hi +lo pgnd hi side lo side pol v lo nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 3 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 13 +hi +lo to p view nbm in a 3814 via package - chassis (lug) mount +lo +hi 24 +hi +lo to p view nbm in a 3814 via package - board (pcb) mount +lo +hi 10 12 11 13 pgnd pgnd pgnd pgnd pgnd pgnd pgnd pgnd 24 11 13 13 10 12 pin confguration pin descriptions pin number signal name type function 1, 2 +hi high side power positive auto-transformer power terminal - on high voltage side 3, 4 +lo low side power positive auto-transformer power terminal - on low voltage side 10, 11, 12, 13 pgnd power return common negative auto-transformer power terminal nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 4 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 absolute maximum ratings the absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. parameter comments min max unit +hi to pgnd -1 80 v hi_dc or lo_dc slew rate 1 v/s +lo to pgnd -1 16 v dielectric withstand* see note below high voltage side to case n/a v dc high voltage side to low voltage side n/a v dc low voltage side to case n/a v dc * the pgnd of the nbm in a via package is directly connected to the case. the nbm does not contain any insulation (isolation) from high voltage side to low voltage side. nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 5 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 electrical specifcations specifcations apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; boldface specifcations apply over the temperature range of -40c t case 100c (t-grade); all other specifcations are at t case = 25oc unless otherwise noted. attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit general powertrain high voltage side to low voltage side specifcation (forward direction) hi side input voltage range, continuous v hi_dc 36 60 v v hi controller v c_active v hi_dc voltage where c is initialized, (powertrain inactive) 15 v hi to lo input quiescent current i hi_q disabled, v hi_dc = 54v 7 ma t case 100oc 12 hi to lo no load power dissipation p hi_nl v hi_dc = 54v, t case = 25oc 10 12 w v hi_dc = 54v 8 19 v hi_dc = 36v to 60v, t case = 25 oc 14 v hi_dc = 36v to 60v 22 hi to lo inrush current peak i hi_inr_pk v hi_dc = 60v, c lo_ext = 3000f, r load_lo = 20% of full load current 15 a t case 100oc 50 dc hi side input current i hi_in_dc at i lo_out_dc = 170a, t case 90oc 34.4 a transformation ratio k high voltage to low voltage, k = v lo_dc / v hi_dc , at no load 1/5 v/v lo side output current (continuous) i lo_out_dc t case 90c 170 a lo side output current (pulsed) i lo_out_pulse 10ms pulse, 25% duty cycle, i lo_out_avg 50% rated i loc_out_dc 200 a hi to lo effciency (ambient) h amb v hi_dc = 54v, i lo_out_dc = 170a 96.5 97 % v hi_dc = 36v to 60v, i lo_out_dc = 170a 95.6 v hi_dc = 54v, i lo_out_dc = 85a 97.3 97.8 hi to lo effciency (hot) h hot v hi_dc = 54v, i lo_out_dc = 170a, t case = 90c 96.2 96.5 % hi to lo effciency (over load range) h 20% 34a < i lo_out_dc < 170a 95 % hi to lo output resistance r lo_cold v hi_dc = 54v, i lo_out_dc = 170a, t case = -40c 0.5 1.1 1.5 m r lo_amb v hi_dc = 54v, i lo_out_dc = 170a 0.8 1.3 1.8 r lo_hot v hi_dc = 54v, i lo_out_dc = 170a, t case = 90c 1.1 1.7 2.0 switching frequency f sw frequency of the lo side voltage ripple = 2x f sw 1.02 1.07 1.12 mhz lo side output voltage ripple v lo_out_pp c lo_ext = 0f, i lo_out_dc = 170a, v hi_dc = 54v, 20mhz bw 125 mv t case 100oc 400 nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 6 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 electrical specifcations (cont.) specifcations apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; boldface specifcations apply over the temperature range of -40c t case 100c (t-grade); all other specifcations are at t case = 25oc unless otherwise noted. attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit general powertrain high voltage side to low voltage side specifcation (forward direction) cont. effective hi side capacitance (internal) c hi_int effective value at 54v hi_dc 16.80 f effective lo side capacitance (internal) c lo_int effective value at 10.8v lo_dc 140 f effective lo side output capacitance (external) c lo_out_ext excessive capacitance may drive module into sc protection 3000 f effective lo side output capacitance (external) c lo_out_aext c lo_out_aext max = n * 0.5 * c lo_out_ext max , where n = the number of units in parallel protection high voltage side to low voltage side (forward direction) auto restart time t auto_restart startup into a persistent fault condition. non-latching fault detection given v hi_dc > v hi_uvlo+ 940 1010 ms hi side overvoltage lockout threshold v hi_ovlo+ 63 66 69 v hi side overvoltage recovery threshold v hi_ovlo- 60 63 66 v hi side overvoltage lockout hysteresis v hi_ovlo_hyst 3 v hi side overvoltage lockout response time t hi_ovlo 30 s hi side undervoltage lockout threshold v hi_uvlo- 28 30 32 v hi side undervoltage recovery threshold v hi_uvlo+ 32 34 36 v hi side undervoltage lockout hysteresis v hi_uvlo_hyst 4 v hi side undervoltage lockout response time t hi_uvlo 100 s hi side undervoltage startup delay t hi_uvlo+_delay from v hi_dc = v hi_uvlo+ to powertrain active, (i.e one time startup delay form application of v hi_dc to v lo_dc ) 30 ms hi side soft-start time t hi_soft-start from powertrain active. fast current limit protection disabled during soft-start 1 ms lo side output overcurrent trip threshold i lo_out_ocp 201 220 250 a lo side output overcurrent response time constant t lo_out_ocp effective internal rc flter 4 ms lo side output short circuit protection trip threshold i lo_out_scp 250 a lo side output short circuit protection response time t lo_out_scp 1 s overtemperature shutdown threshold t otp+ temperature sensor located inside controller ic 125 c overtemperature recovery threshold t otpC 105 110 115 c undertemperature shutdown threshold t utp temperature sensor located inside controller ic; protection not available for m-grade units. -45 c undertemperature restart time t utp_restart startup into a persistent fault condition. non-latching fault detection given v hi_dc > v hi_uvlo+ 3 s nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 7 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit general powertrain low voltage side to high voltage side specifcation (reverse direction) lo side input voltage range, continuous v lo_dc 7.2 12.0 v lo to hi no load power dissipation p lo_nl v lo_dc = 10.8v, t case = 25oc 10 12 w v lo_dc = 10.8v 8.0 19 v lo_dc = 7.2v to 12.0v, t case = 25oc 14 v lo_dc = 7.2v to 12.0v 22 dc lo side input current i lo_in_dc at i hi_dc = 34a, t case 90oc 172 a hi side output current (continuous) i hi_out_dc t case 90c 34 a hi side output current (pulsed) i hi_out_pulse 10ms pulse, 25% duty cycle, i hi_out_avg 50% rated i hi_out_dc 40.8 a lo to hi effciency (ambient) h amb v lo_dc = 10.8v, i hi_out_dc = 34a 96.1 96.6 % v lo_dc = 7.2v to 12.0v, i hi_out_dc = 34a 95.2 v lo_dc = 10.8v, i hi_out_dc = 17a 97.3 97.8 lo to hi effciency (hot) h hot v lo_dc = 10.8v, i hi_out_dc = 34a, t case = 90c 95.8 96.1 % lo to hi effciency (over load range) h 20% 6.80a < i hi_out_dc < 34a 94.5 % lo to hi output resistance r hi_cold v lo_dc = 10.8v, i hi_out_dc = 34a, t case = -40c 22 39 49 m r hi_amb v lo_dc = 10.8v, i hi_out_dc = 34a 28 49 72 r hi_hot v lo_dc = 10.8v, i hi_out_dc = 34a, t case = 90c 36 58 70 hi side output voltage ripple v hi_out_pp c hi_out_ext = 0f, i hi_out_dc = 34a, v lo_dc = 10.8v, 20mhz bw 625 mv t case 100oc 1500 electrical specifcations (cont.) specifcations apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; boldface specifcations apply over the temperature range of -40c t case 100c (t-grade); all other specifcations are at t case = 25oc unless otherwise noted. nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 8 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit protection low voltage side to high volatge side (reverse direction) effective hi side output capacitance (external) c hi_out_ext excessive capacitance may drive module into sc protection when starting from low voltage side to high voltage side 100 f lo side overvoltage lockout threshold v lo_ovlo+ 12.8 13.2 13.6 v lo side overvoltage recovery threshold v hi_ovlo- 12 12.6 13.2 v lo side overvoltage lockout response time t hi_ovlo 30 s lo side undervoltage lockout threshold v lo_uvlo- 5.6 6 6.4 v lo side undervoltage recovery threshold v hi_uvlo+- 6.4 6.8 7.2 v lo side undervoltage lockout response time t lo_uvlo 100 s hi side output overcurrent trip threshold i hi_out_ocp powertrain is stopped but current can fow from lo side to hi side through mosfet body diodes 40 44 50 a hi side output overcurrent response time constant t hi_out_ocp effective internal rc flter 100 s hi side short circuit protection trip threshold i hi_scp powertrain is stopped but current can fow from lo side to hi side through mosfet body diodes 50 a hi side short circuit protection response time t hi_scp 1 s electrical specifcations (cont.) specifcations apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; boldface specifcations apply over the temperature range of -40c t case 100c (t-grade); all other specifcations are at t case = 25oc unless otherwise noted. nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 9 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 lo side current (a ) hi side voltage (v ) i lo_out_dc i lo_out_pulse 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 lo side po we r (w ) hi side voltage (v) p lo_out_dc p lo_out_pulse 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 figure 1 specifed thermal operating area figure 2 specifed electrical operating area using rated r lo_hot lo side capacitanc e (% rated c lo_ext_max ) lo side current (% i lo_out_dc ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 10 0 20 40 60 80 100 lo side current (a ) case te mperature ( c) 36 ? 60v 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 figure 3 specifed hi side start-up into load current and external capacitance 1. the nbm in a via pacage is cooled through bottom case (bottom housing). 2. the thermal rating of the nbm in a via pacage is based on typical measured device effciency. 3. the case temperature in the graph is the measured temperature of the bottom housing, such that operating internal unction temperature of the nbm in a via pacage does not exceed 125c. nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 10 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 nbm? forward direction timing diagram +v hi inpu t +v lo v hi_dc input turn-on lo side output turn-on hi side input over voltag e v hi_dc input restart s h o rt circ u i t ev en t hi side input voltag e tu r n -o ff output startupo ver voltag e over current shutdown c initiali z e v hi_ovlo- v hi_ovlo+ v hi_uvl o+ v c_ acti ve v no m v hi _uvlo- t lo_out_sc p t hi_uvlo+_delay t au to-restart > t hi_uvlo+_dela y nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 11 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 nbm? reverse direction timing diagram +v lo inpu t +v hi v lo_d c input turn-on hi side output turn-on lo side over voltag e v lo_d c input restart over current / s h or t ci r c u i t e v en t lo side input vo ltag e tu rn -off output startu po ver voltag e over current shutdown c in i t ia li z e v lo_ovlo- v lo_ovl o+ v lo_uvl o+ v c_active v no m v lo_u vl o- t hi_out_o cp t hi_uvlo+_delay > v hi =+ v lo ?( ~1.4v) not supported condition, permanent damage may occu r red line: load must not be present to prevent damage to unit nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 12 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 application characteristics product is mounted and temperature controlled via top side cold plate, unless otherwise noted. all data presented in this section are collected data from high voltage side sourced units processing power in forward direction.see associated fgures for general trend data. hi to lo, power di ssipation (w ) hi side inpu t voltage (v ) -4 0 c 25 c 85c t top surface case : 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 case te mperature (oc) 36v 54v 60v hi to lo, full load efficiency (% ) v hi_dc : 95.0 95.5 96.0 96.5 97.0 97.5 98.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 hi to lo, efficiency (% ) lo side output current (a ) 36v 54v 60v v hi_dc : hi to lo, po we r di ssipation 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 0 17 34 51 68 85 102 1 19 136 153 170 p d figure 4 er iii figure 5 fu eie eerure figure 6 ie er iii 40 hi to lo, efficiency (% ) lo side output current (a ) 36v 54v 60v v hi_dc : hi to lo, po we r di ssipation 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 0 17 34 51 68 85 102 1 19 136 153 170 p d hi to lo, efficiency (% ) lo side output current (a ) 36v 54v 60v v hi_dc : hi to lo, po we r di ssipation 0 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 0 17 34 51 68 85 102 1 19 136 153 170 p d figure 7 ie er iii 25 case te mperature (c) 170a i lo_dc : hi to lo, output resistance (m) 0 1 2 3 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 figure 8 ie er iii 85 figure 9 eerure i 170 85 nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 13 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 figure 12 0aC 170a transient response: c hi_in_ext = 300f, no external c lo_out_ ext figure 11 full load ripple, 300f c hi_in_ext ; no external c lo_out_ ext . board mounted module, scope setting : 20mhz analog bw lo side output current (a ) 38 4v v hi_dc : lo side output voltage ri pple (mv) 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 0 17 34 51 68 85 102 11 9 136 153 170 figure 10 v lo_out_ pp vs. i lo_dc ; no external c lo_out_ ext . board mounted module, scope setting : 20mhz analog bw figure 13 170a C 0a transient response: c hi_in_ext = 300f, no external c lo_out_ ext figure 14 forward start up from application of v hi_dc = 54v, 20% i lo_dc , 100% c lo_out_ ext figure 15 reverse start up from application of v lo_dc = 10.8v, 20% i hi_dc , 100% c hi_out_ext nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 14 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 general characteristics specifcations apply over all line, load conditions, unless otherwise noted; boldface specifcations apply over the temperature range of -40c t case 100c (t-grade); all other specifcations are at t case = 25oc unless otherwise noted. attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit mechanical length l lug (chassis) mount 95.34 / [3.75] 95.59 / [3.76] 95.84 / [3.77] mm / [in] length l pcb (board) mount 95.34 / [3.75] 95.59 / [3.76] 95.84 / [3.77] mm / [in] width w 35.29 / [1.39] 35.54 / [1.40] 35.79 / [1.41] mm / [in] height h 9.019 / [0.355] 9.40 / [0.37] 9.781 / [0.385] mm / [in] volume vol without heatsink 31.93 / [1.95] cm 3 / [in 3 ] weight w 130.4 / [4.6] g / [oz] pin material c145 copper, 1/2 hard underplate low stress ductile nickel 50 100 in pin finish palladium 0.8 6 in soft gold 0.12 2 thermal operating junction temperature t internal nbm3814x60e12a7yzz (t-grade) -40 125 c nbm3814x60e12a7yzz (c-grade) -20 125 operating case temperature t case nbm3814x60e12a7yzz (t-grade), derating applied, see safe thermal operating area -40 100 nbm3814x60e12a7yzz (c-grade), derating applied, see safe thermal operating area -20 100 thermal resistance top side r jc_top estimated thermal resistance to maximum temperature internal component from isothermal top 1.21 c/w thermal resistance coupling between top case and bottom case r hou estimated thermal resistance of thermal coupling between the top and bottom case surfaces 0.47 c/w thermal resistance bottom side r jc_bot estimated thermal resistance to maximum temperature internal component from isothermal bottom 0.70 c/w thermal capacity 52 ws/c assembly storage temperature t st nbm3814x60e12a7yzz (t-grade) -40 125 c nbm3814x60e12a7yzz (c-grade) -40 125 c esd withstand esd hbm human body model, esda / jedec jds-001-2012 class i-c (1kv to < 2 kv) 1000 esd cdm charge device model, jesd 22-c101-e class ii (200v to < 500v) 200 nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 15 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 general characteristics (cont.) specifcations apply over all line, load conditions, unless otherwise noted; boldface specifcations apply over the temperature range of -40c t case 100c (t-grade); all other specifcations are at t case = 25oc unless otherwise noted. attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit safety isolation capacitance c hi_lo unpowered unit n/a n/a n/a pf isolation resistance r hi_lo at 500v dc 0 m mtbf mil-hdbk-217plus parts count - 25c ground benign, stationary, indoors / computer 2.2 mhrs telcordia issue 2 - method i case iii; 25c ground benign, controlled 3.6 mhrs agency approvals / standards ce marked for low voltage directive and rohs recast directive, as applicable nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 16 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 nbm in a via package the nbm in a via package uses a high frequency resonant tank to move energy from high voltage side to low voltage side and vice versa. the resonant lc tank, operated at high frequency, is amplitude modulated as a function of hi side voltage and lo side current. a small amount of capacitance embedded in the high voltage side and low volatge side stages of the module is suffcient for full functionality and is key to achieving high power density. the nbm3814x60e12a7yzz can be simplifed into the preceeding model. at no load: v lo = v hi ? k (1) k represents the turns ratio of the nbm. rearranging eq (1): k = v lo (2) v hi in the presence of load, v lo is represented by: v lo = v hi ? k C i lo ? r lo (3) and i lo is represented by: i lo = i hi C i hi_q (4) k r lo represents the impedance of the nbm, and is a function of the r ds_on of the hi side and lo side mosfets, pc board resistance of hi side and lo side boards and the winding resistance of the power auto-transformer. i hi_q represents the hi side quiescent current of the nbm control, gate drive circuitry, and core losses. the use of dc voltage transformation provides additional interesting attributes. assuming that r lo = 0 and i hi _ q = 0a, eq. (3) now becomes eq. (1) and is essentially load independent, resistor r is now placed in series with v hi . the relationship between v hi and v lo becomes: v lo = (v hi C i hi ? r ) ? k (5) substituting the simplifed version of eq. (4) (i hi_q is assumed = 0a) into eq. (5) yields: v lo = v hi ? k C i lo ? r ? k 2 (6) this is similar in form to eq. (3), where r lo is used to represent the characteristic impedance of the nbm?. however, in this case a real r on the high voltage side of the nbm is effectively scaled by k 2 with respect to the low voltage side. assuming that r = 1 , the effective r as seen from the low voltage side is 40m , with k = 1/5 . r sac k = 1/32 vi n v out + ? v hi v lo r nbm k = 1/5 figure 17 k = 1/5 nbm with series hi side resistor + ? + ? v lo v hi v? i k + ? + ? i hi_q r lo i hi k ? i lo i lo k ? v hi figure 16 nbm dc model (forward direction) nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 17 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 a similar exercise should be performed with the additon of a capacitor or shunt impedance at the high voltage side of the nbm. a switch in series with v hi is added to the circuit. this is depicted in figure 18. a change in v hi with the switch closed would result in a change in capacitor current according to the following equation: i c c assume that with the capacitor charged to v hi , the switch is opened and the capacitor is discharged through the idealized nbm. in this case, c = i lo ? () substituting eq. (1) and (8) into eq. (7) reveals: i lo = c d v lo (9) dt the equation in terms of the lo side has yielded a k 2 scaling factor for c, specifed in the denominator of the equation. a k factor less than unity results in an effectively larger capacitance on the low voltage side when expressed in terms of the high voltage side. with a k = 1/5 as shown in figure 18, c = 1f would appear as c = 25f when viewed from the low voltage side. low impedance is a key requirement for powering a high- current, low-voltage load effciently. a switching regulation stage should have minimal impedance while simultaneously providing appropriate fltering for any switched current. the use of a nbm between the regulation stage and the point of load provides a dual beneft of scaling down series impedance leading back to the source and scaling up shunt capacitance or energy storage as a function of its k factor squared. however, the benefts are not useful if the series impedance of the nbm is too high. the impedance of the nbm must be low, i.e. well beyond the crossover frequency of the system. a solution for keeping the impedance of the nbm low involves switching at a high frequency. this enables small magnetic components because magnetizing currents remain low. small magnetics mean small path lengths for turns. use of low loss core material at high frequencies also reduces core losses. the two main terms of power loss in the nbm module are: n no load power dissipation (p hi_nl ): defned as the power used to power up the module with an enabled powertrain at no load. n resistive loss (r lo ): refers to the power loss across the nbm module modeled as pure resistive impedance. p dissipated = p hi_nl + p r lo (1) therefore, p lo_out = p hi_in C p dissipated = p hi_in C p hi_nl C p r lo (11) the above relations can be combined to calculate the overall module effciency: d = p lo_out = p hi_in C p hi_nl C p r lo (12) p hi_in p hi_in = v hi ? i hi C p hi_nl C (i lo ) 2 ? r lo v hi ? i hi = 1 C ( p hi_nl + (i lo ) 2 ? r lo ) v hi ? i hi c s sac k = 1/32 vi n v out + ? v hi v lo c nbm k = 1/5 figure 18 nbm with hi side capacitor s nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 18 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 filter design a major advantage of nbm systems versus conventional pwm converters is that the auto-transformer based nbm does not require external fltering to function properly. the resonant lc tank, operated at extreme high frequency, is amplitude modulated as a function of hi side voltage and lo side current and effciently transfers charge through the auto-transformer. a small amount of capacitance embedded in the hi side and lo side stages of the module is suffcient for full functionality and is key to achieving power density. this paradigm shift requires system design to carefully evaluate external flters in order to: n guarantee low source impedance: to take full advantage of the nbm modules dynamic response, the impedance presented to its hi side terminals must be low from dc to approximately 5mhz. the connection of the bus converter module to its power source should be implemented with minimal distribution inductance. if the interconnect inductance exceeds 100nh, the hi side should be bypassed with a rc damper to retain low source impedance and stable operation. with an interconnect inductance of 200nh, the rc damper may be as high as 1f in series with 0.3 1 . a single electrolytic or equivalent low-q capacitor may be used in place of the series rc bypass. n further reduce hi side and/or lo side voltage ripple without sacrifcing dynamic response: given the wide bandwidth of the module, the hi side source response is generally the limiting factor in the overall system response. anomalies in the response of the hi side source will appear at the lo side of the module multiplied by its k factor. n protect the module from overvoltage transients imposed by the system that would exceed maximum ratings and induce stresses: the module high/low side voltage ranges shall not be exceeded. an internal overvoltage lockout function prevents operation outside of the normal operating hi side range. even when disabled, the powertrain is exposed to the applied voltage and power mosfets must withstand it. total load capacitance of the nbm module shall not exceed the specifed maximum. owing to the wide bandwidth and small lo side impedance of the module, low-frequency bypass capacitance and signifcant energy storage may be more densely and effciently provided by adding capacitance at the hi side of the module. at frequencies <500khz the module appears as an impedance of r lo between the source and load. within this frequency range, capacitance at the hi side appears as effective capacitance on the lo side per the relationship defned in eq. (13). c lo_ext = c hi_ext (13) k 2 this enables a reduction in the size and number of capacitors used in a typical system. thermal considerations the via? package provides effective conduction cooling from either of the two module surfaces. heat may be removed from the top surface, the bottom surface or both. the extent to which these two surfaces are cooled is a key component for determining the maximum power that can be processed by a via, as can be seen from specifed thermal operating area in figure 1. since the via has a maximum internal temperature rating, it is necessary to estimate this internal temperature based on a system-level thermal solution. to this purpose, it is helpful to simplify the thermal solution into a roughly equivalent circuit where power dissipation is modeled as a current source, isothermal surface temperatures are represented as voltage sources and the thermal resistances are represented as resistors. figure 19 shows the thermal circuit for the via module. in this case, the internal power dissipation is p diss , r jc_top and r jc_bot are thermal resistance characteristics of the via module and the top and bottom surface temperatures are represented as t c_top , and t c_bot . it is interesting to notice that the package itself provides a high degree of thermal coupling between the top and bottom case surfaces (represented in the model by the resistor r hou ). this feature enables two main options regarding thermal designs: n single side cooling: the model of figure 19 can be simplifed by calculating the parallel resistor network and using one simple thermal resistance number and the internal power dissipation curves; an example for bottom side cooling only is shown in figure 20. in this case, r jc can be derived as following: p diss + ? t c_top ? t c_bot r jc_top r jc_bot r hou s s + figure 19 double sided cooling via thermal model (r jc_t op + r hou ) ? r jc_bot r jc = (14) r jc_t op + r hou + r jc_bot nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 19 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 n double side cooling: while this option might bring limited advantage to the module internal components (given the surface-to-surface coupling provided), it might be appealing in cases wherethe external thermal system requires allocating power to two different elements, like for example heatsinks with independent airfows or a combination of chassis/air cooling. current sharing the performance of the nbm in a via package is based on effcient transfer of energy through a auto-transformer without the need of closed loop control. for this reason, the transfer characteristic can be approximated by an ideal auto-transformer with a positive temperature coeffcient series resistance. this type of characteristic is close to the impedance characteristic of a dc power distribution system both in dynamic (ac) behavior and for steady state (dc) operation. when multiple nbm modules of a given part number are connected in an array they will inherently share the load current according to the equivalent impedance divider that the system implements from the power source to the point of load. some general recommendations to achieve matched array impedances include: n dedicate common copper planes/wires within the pcb/chassis to deliver and return the current to the via modules. n provide as symmetric a pcb/wiring layout as possible among via? modules for further details see an:016 using bcm bus converters in high power arrays. fuse selection in order to provide fexibility in confguring power systems, nbm in a via package modules are not internally fused. input line fusing of nbm in a via package products is recommended at system level to provide thermal protection in case of catastrophic failure. the fuse shall be selected by closely matching system requirements with the following characteristics: n current rating (usually greater than maximum current of nbm module) n maximum voltage rating (usually greater than the maximum possible input voltage) n ambient temperature n nominal melting i 2 t n recommend fuse: ) 60a littelfuse tls series or littlefuse 456 series rated 40a (hi side) startup and reverse operation the nbm3814x60e12a7yzz is capable of startup in forward and reverse direction once the applied voltage is greater than the undervoltage lockout threshold. the non-isolated bus converter modules are capable of reverse power operation. once the unit is enabled, energy can be transferred from low volatge side back to the high voltage side whenever the low side voltage exceeds v hi ? k. the module will continue operation in this fashion for as long as no faults occur. startup loading could be set to no greater than 20% of rated max current respectively in forward or reverse direction. a load must not be present on the +v hi pin if the powertrain is not actively switching. remove +hi load prior to disabling the module using +lo power or prior to faults. high voltage side moseft body diode conduction will occur if unit stops switching while a load is present on the +v hi and +v lo voltage is two diodes drop higher than +v hi . nbm ? 1 r 0_1 z hi_eq1 z lo_eq1 z lo_eq2 v lo z lo_eqn z hi_eq2 z hi_eqn r 0_2 r 0_n nbm ? 2 nbm ? n load dc v hi + figure 21 nbm module array p diss + ? t c_bot r jc s s figure 20 single-sided cooling via thermal model nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 20 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 nbm in via package chassis (lug) mount package mechanical drawing 1.40 35.54 .11 2.90 1.171 29.750 dim 'a' dim 'b' .15 3.86 thru (4) pl. input insert (41816) to be removed prior to use $//352'8&76 287387 ,16(57 5(029(' 35,25 7286( dim 'c' .37.015 9.40.381 127(6 5r+6&203/,$173(5&67/$7(675(9,6,21 6((352'8&7'$7$6+((7)253,1'(6,*1$7,216 product dim 'a' dim 'b' dim 'c' 2214 (0 stage) 2223 1.02 [ 25.96 ] na 2.25 [57.11 ] 2814 (1 stage) 2223 1.61 [40.93 ] na 2.84 [72.05 ] 2814 (0 stage) 3623 1.02 [25.96 ]. 789 [20.033] 2.80 [70.99 ] 3414 (1 stage) 3623 1.61 [40.93 ]. 789 [20.033] 3.38 [85.93 ] 3714 (1 stage) 4623 1.61 [40.93 ]1 .150 [29.200 ]3 .75 [95.12 ] 3814 (0 stage) 2361 1.02 [ 25.96 ] 1.277 [32.430 ]3 .76 [95.59 ] 3814 (0 stage) 2361 nb m 1.02 [ 25.96 ] 1.277 [32.430] 3.76 [95.59] 4414 (1 stage) 2361 1.61 [40.93 ]1 .277 [32.430 ]4 .35 [110.55] 4414 (1 stage) 6123 1.61 [40.93 ]1 .757 [44.625 ]4 .35 [110.55] 5614 (1 stage) 2392 1.61 [40.93 ]2 .490 [63.250 ]5 .57 [141.37] 5614 (1 stage) 9223 1.61 [40.93 ]2 .970 [75.445 ]5 .57 [141.37] nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 21 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 nbm in via package pcb (board) mount package mechanical drawing and recommended hole pattern .947.010 24.058.25 4 .859.010 21.810.25 4 dim 'd' .010 [.254] 1.171.010 29.750.25 4 .112.010 2.846.254 .11 2.90 dim 'a' dim 'b' .010 [.254] dim 'f' .010 [.254] .156.010 3.970.254 bottom ve w 1 2 3 4 10 12 11 13 1.40 35.54 dim 'l' .010 [.254] .080 2.03 2 (6) pl. .150 3.810 (2) pl. .37.015 9.40.381 seating plane dim 'c' 0 top view (component side) .859.003 21.810.076 .190.003 4.826.076 plated thru .030 [.762] annular ring (2) pl dim 'f' .003 [.076] dim 'b' .003 [.076] .156.003 3.970.076 dim 'd' .003 [.076] .120.003 3.048.076 plated thru .030 [.762] annular ring (6) pl .112.003 2.846.076 .947.003 24.058.076 1.171.003 29.750.076 2 1 11 10 13 12 4 3 recommended hole pattern (component side) notes: 1- rohs compliant per cst-0001 latest revision . 2- see product data sheet for pin designations . dim 'l' short .103 [2.607 ] long .182 [4.613 ] product dim 'a ' dim 'b' dim 'c' dim 'd' dim 'f' 3814 (0 stage) 2361 1.02 [25.96 ] 1.277 [32.430] 3.76 [95.59] 3.368 [85.554] .850 [21.590] 3814 (0 stage) 2361 nb m 1.02 [25.96] 1.277 [32.430] 3.76 [95.59] 3.368 [85.554] .850 [21.590] 4414 (1 stage) 2361 1.61 [40.93] 1.277 [32.430] 4.35 [110.55] 3.957 [100.517] 1.439 [36.553] 5614 (1 stage) 2392 1.61 [40.93] 2.490 [63.250] 5.57 [141.37] 5.171 [131.337] 1.439 [36.553] nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 22 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 revision history revision date description page number(s) 1.0 03/3/16 initial release n/a 1.1 05/2/16 new power pin nomenclature all nbm3814x60e12a7yzz
nbm ? in a via package rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 23 of 23 05/2016 800 927.9474 vicors comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density ac-dc and dc-dc modules and accessory components, fully confgurable ac-dc and dc-dc power supplies, and complete custom power systems. information furnished by vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by vicor for its use. vicor makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products, specifcations, and product descriptions at any time without notice. information published by vicor has been checked and is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. testing and other quality controls are used to the extent vicor deems necessary to support vicors product warranty. except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. specifcations are subject to change without notice. vicors standard terms and conditions all sales are subject to vicors standard terms and conditions of sale, which are available on vicors webpage or upon request. product warranty in vicors standard terms and conditions of sale, vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its standard specifcations (the express limited warranty). this warranty is extended only to the original buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date of shipment and is not transferable. unless otherwise expressly stated in a written sales agreement signed by a duly authorized vicor signatory, vicor disclaims all representations, liabilities, and warranties of any kind (whether arising by implication or by operation of law) with respect to the products, including, without limitation, any warranties or representations as to merchantability, fitness for particular purpose, infringement of any patent, copyright, or other intellectual property right, or any other matter. this warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application, maintenance, or storage. vicor shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and assumes no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. buyers are responsible for their products and applications using vicor products and components. prior to using or distributing any products that include vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and operating safeguards. vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. for service under this warranty, the buyer must contact vicor to obtain a return material authorization (rma) number and shipping instructions. products returned without prior authorization will be returned to the buyer. the buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. life support policy vicors products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express prior written approval of the chief executive officer and general counsel of vicor corporation. as used herein, life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a signifcant injury to the user. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. per vicor terms and conditions of sale, the user of vicor products and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifes vicor against all liability and damages. intellectual property notice vicor and its subsidiaries own intellectual property (including issued u.s. and foreign patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. no license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. interested parties should contact vicors intellectual property department. the products described on this data sheet are protected by the following u.s. patents pending vicor corporation 25 frontage road andover, ma, usa 01810 tel: 800-735-6200 fax: 978-475-6715 email customer service: custserv@vicorpower.com technical support: apps@vicorpower.com nbm3814x60e12a7yzz

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